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Ketamine Hydrochloride

KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

Manufacturer: Hospira, Inc.

Score: 141.0

Quick Summary

Ketamine Hydrochloride is a nonbarbiturate general anesthetic used for diagnostic and surgical procedures that do not require skeletal muscle relaxation, as well as for the induction of anesthesia prior to the administration of other general anesthetic agents. It is contraindicated in patients with significant elevation of blood pressure and known hypersensitivity to ketamine. The initial dose for induction of anesthesia is 1-4.5 mg/kg intravenously or 6.5-13 mg/kg intramuscularly, with maintenance doses adjusted according to the patient's anesthetic needs. Special considerations are needed for use in pregnancy, pediatric, and geriatric populations due to potential risks of neuroapoptosis, cognitive deficits, and other adverse effects.

Key Clinical Findings and Indications

  • Used as a sole anesthetic agent for diagnostic and surgical procedures
  • Induction of anesthesia prior to the administration of other general anesthetic agents
  • Supplement to other anesthetic agents
  • Rapidly-acting general anesthetic producing a dissociative anesthetic state
  • Produces profound analgesia, normal pharyngeal-laryngeal reflexes, and cardiovascular and respiratory stimulation

Important Safety Information

Warning

Ketamine Hydrochloride Injection is contraindicated in patients for whom a significant elevation of blood pressure would constitute a serious hazard and in patients with known hypersensitivity to ketamine.

Contraindications

  • Significant elevation of blood pressure
  • Known hypersensitivity to ketamine

Adverse Reactions

  • Emergence reactions
  • Respiratory depression
  • Cardiovascular instability
  • Nystagmus
  • Elevation in intraocular pressure
  • Anaphylaxis

Dosing Recommendations

General Guidance

Adjust the maintenance dose according to the patient's anesthetic needs and whether an additional anesthetic agent is employed.

Induction of anesthesia

Adult Dose

1-4.5 mg/kg intravenously or 6.5-13 mg/kg intramuscularly

Pediatric Dose

Not established for pediatric patients below the age of 16

Special Population Considerations

Pregnancy

  • Ketamine Hydrochloride Injection use in pregnancy is not recommended due to potential risks of neuroapoptosis and cognitive deficits

Nursing Mothers

  • No data available on the use of Ketamine Hydrochloride Injection in nursing mothers

Pediatric Use

  • Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients below the age of 16 have not been established

Geriatric Use

  • Clinical studies of ketamine hydrochloride did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects

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