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Ciprofloxacin

CIPROFLOXACIN TABLETS

Manufacturer: Bryant Ranch Prepack

Score: 141.0

Quick Summary

Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent used to treat various infections, including skin and skin structure infections, bone and joint infections, and urinary tract infections. It is effective against a wide range of bacteria, but its use is associated with several important safety considerations, including the risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and central nervous system effects. The drug is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other quinolones, and its use should be avoided in patients with certain conditions, such as myasthenia gravis. The recommended dosage of ciprofloxacin varies depending on the specific infection being treated and the patient's renal function. Special population considerations include the use of ciprofloxacin in pediatric patients, who are at increased risk of adverse reactions, and in geriatric patients, who may be more susceptible to the drug's effects on the QT interval.

Key Clinical Findings and Indications

  • Skin and skin structure infections
  • Bone and joint infections
  • Complicated intra-abdominal infections
  • Infectious diarrhea
  • Typhoid fever
  • Uncomplicated cervical and urethral gonorrhea
  • Inhalational anthrax (post-exposure)
  • Plague
  • Chronic bacterial prostatitis
  • Lower respiratory tract infections
  • Urinary tract infections
  • Acute sinusitis

Important Safety Information

Warning

Fluoroquinolones, including ciprofloxacin, have been associated with disabling and potentially irreversible serious adverse reactions, including tendinitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and central nervous system effects.

Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other quinolones
  • Concomitant administration with tizanidine

Adverse Reactions

  • Tendinitis and tendon rupture
  • Peripheral neuropathy
  • Central nervous system effects
  • Exacerbation of myasthenia gravis
  • Hypersensitivity reactions
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • Risk of aortic aneurysm and dissection

Dosing Recommendations

General Guidance

Dosage adjustments may be required in patients with renal impairment.

Skin and skin structure infections

Adult Dose

500-750 mg every 12 hours

Pediatric Dose

10-20 mg/kg every 12 hours

Urinary tract infections

Adult Dose

250-500 mg every 12 hours

Pediatric Dose

10-20 mg/kg every 12 hours

Special Population Considerations

Pregnancy

  • Ciprofloxacin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
  • Prolonged experience with ciprofloxacin in pregnant women has not identified any drug-associated risk of major birth defects.

Nursing Mothers

  • Ciprofloxacin is excreted in human milk.
  • Caution should be exercised when ciprofloxacin is administered to a nursing woman.

Pediatric Use

  • Ciprofloxacin is indicated for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections and pyelonephritis in pediatric patients 1 to 17 years of age.
  • The safety and effectiveness of ciprofloxacin in pediatric patients have not been established for other indications.

Geriatric Use

  • Geriatric patients are at increased risk for developing severe tendon disorders, including tendon rupture, when being treated with a fluoroquinolone such as ciprofloxacin.
  • Caution should be used when prescribing ciprofloxacin to elderly patients, especially those on corticosteroids.